Factores de riesgo asociados a la hipoglicemia en neonatos de riesgo

Autores/as

  • Chantal Marie Real Aparicio
  • Patricia Arias Yrazusta

Palabras clave:

Hipoglicemia; Recién nacido; prematurez; glucómetro; glucosa.

Resumen

Introducción:

La hipoglicemia es común en el recién nacido (RN) pero si es persistente o muy profunda puede generar secuelas neurológicas. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron describir los valores de glicemia capilar de los recién nacidos de riesgo y determinar los factores de riesgo de hipoglicemia de los neonatos de riesgo del Hospital Nacional (Itauguá, Paraguay). Materiales y Métodos: Se midió la glicemia capilar con glucómetro digital en los RN de riesgo Hospital Nacional (Itauguá, Paraguay) entre mayo 2015 y febrero 2016. Para determinar los factores de riesgo se aplicó luego un diseño de casos (RN con hipoglicemia) y controles (RN sin hipoglicemia). Las variables independientes fueron las patologías asociadas del RN, prematurez, restricción del crecimiento intrauterino, parto por cesárea, sexo del RN, hipertensión arterial y diabetes gestacional.

Resultados:

Se incluyeron 76 RN, 56,6% del sexo masculino, con edad gestacional media 36±3 semanas, con mediana de peso 2.569 g, nacidos por cesárea en 68,4%. Se encontraron 25 RN con hipoglicemia <47 mg/dL (casos) y 51 sin hipoglicemia (controles). Los factores de riesgo estadísticamente significativos asociados a la hipoglicemia neonatal fueron la prematurez y la presencia de patologías asociadas: dificultad respiratoria, sepsis y asfixia perinatal. Se halló considerable correlación entre glicemia capilar y glicemia plasmática (r +0,6).

Conclusiones:

Los factores de riesgo estadísticamente significativos asociados a la hipoglicemia neonatal fueron la presencia de patologías asociadas (dificultad respiratoria, sepsis y asfixia perinatal) y la prematurez. La correlación entre la glicemia capilar y la plasmática fue considerable (r+0,6).

Métricas

Cargando métricas ...

Citas

1. Van Haltren K, Malhotra A. Characteristics of infants admitted with hypoglycemia to a neonatal unit. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2013;26(5-6):525-29. [ Links ]

2. Committee on Fetus and Newborn, Adamkin DH. Postnatal glucose homeostasis in late-preterm and term infants. Pediatrics. 2011;127(3):575-79. [ Links ]

3. Mitanchez D. Glucose regulation in preterm newborn infants. Horm Res. 2007;68(6):265-71. [ Links ]

4. Hay WW Jr, Raju TN, Higgins RD, Kalhan SC, Devaskar SU. Knowledge gaps and research needs for understanding and treating neonatal hypoglycemia: workshop report from Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. J Pediatr. 2009;155(5):612-17. [ Links ]

5. Tin W, Brunskill G, Kelly T, Fritz S. 15-year follow-up of recurrent &raquo;," &reg;,(r) &sect;,§ &shy;,­ &sup1;,¹ &sup2;,² &sup3;,³ &szlig;,ß &THORN;,Þ &thorn;,þ &times;,× &Uacute;,Ú &uacute;,ú &Ucirc;,Û &ucirc;,û &Ugrave;,Ù &ugrave;,ù &uml;,¨ &Uuml;,Ü &uuml;,ü &Yacute;,Ý &yacute;,ý &yen;,¥ &yuml;,ÿ &para;,¶ hypoglycemia &raquo;," &reg;,(r) &sect;,§ &shy;,­ &sup1;,¹ &sup2;,² &sup3;,³ &szlig;,ß &THORN;,Þ &thorn;,þ &times;,× &Uacute;,Ú &uacute;,ú &Ucirc;,Û &ucirc;,û &Ugrave;,Ù &ugrave;,ù &uml;,¨ &Uuml;,Ü &uuml;,ü &Yacute;,Ý &yacute;,ý &yen;,¥ &yuml;,ÿ &para;,¶ in preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2012;130(6): e1497-503. [ Links ]

6. Rozance PJ. Update on neonatal hypoglycemia. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2014;21(1):45-50. [ Links ]

7. Fernández Lorenzo JM, Couce Pico M, Fraga Bermúdez JM. Hipoglucemia neonatal. In: Asociación Española de Pediatría. Protocolos diagnóstico terapeúticos de la AEP: neonatología. España: AEP; 2008. [ Links ]

8. Cornblath M, Hawdon JM, Williams AF, Aynsley-Green A, Ward-Platt MP, Schwartz R, Kalhan SC. Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds. Pediatrics. 2000;105(5):1141-45. [ Links ]

9. Melkie M, Yigeremu M, Nigussie P, Teka T, kinde S. Is the difference in neonatal blood glucose concentration of caesarian and vaginally delivered term infants requiring separated reference intervals? BMC Res Notes. 2012;5:519. [ Links ]

10. Houin S, Rozance PJ. 50 years ago in the Journal of pediatrics: the incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in a nursery for premature infants. J Pediatr. 2014;164(6):1485. [ Links ]

11. Nangia S. Point of care estimation of blood glucose in neonates. Indian Pediatr. 2012;49(8):612-3 [ Links ]

12. Harris DL, Battin MR, Weston PJ, Harding JE. Continuous glucose monitoring in newborn babies at risk of hypoglycemia. J Pediatr. 2010;157(2):198-202.e1. [ Links ]

13. Ho HT, Yeung WK, Young BW. Evaluation of &raquo;," &reg;,(r) &sect;,§ &shy;,­ &sup1;,¹ &sup2;,² &sup3;,³ &szlig;,ß &THORN;,Þ &thorn;,þ &times;,× &Uacute;,Ú &uacute;,ú &Ucirc;,Û &ucirc;,û &Ugrave;,Ù &ugrave;,ù &uml;,¨ &Uuml;,Ü &uuml;,ü &Yacute;,Ý &yacute;,ý &yen;,¥ &yuml;,ÿ &para;,¶ point of care &raquo;," &reg;,(r) &sect;,§ &shy;,­ &sup1;,¹ &sup2;,² &sup3;,³ &szlig;,ß &THORN;,Þ &thorn;,þ &times;,× &Uacute;,Ú &uacute;,ú &Ucirc;,Û &ucirc;,û &Ugrave;,Ù &ugrave;,ù &uml;,¨ &Uuml;,Ü &uuml;,ü &Yacute;,Ý &yacute;,ý &yen;,¥ &yuml;,ÿ &para;,¶ devices in the measurement of low blood glucose in neonatal practice. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2004;89(4):F356-359. [ Links ]

14. Hwang JH, Sohn YH, Chang SS, Kim SY. Evaluation of three glucometers for whole blood glucose measurements at the point of care in preterm or low-birth-weight infants. Korean J Pediatr. 2015;58(8):301-8. [ Links ]

15. Ngerncham S, Piriyanimit S, Kolatat T, Wongsiridej P, Inchgarm L, Kitsommart R, Vutrapongwatana P, Jeerapaet K. Validity of two point of care glucometers in the diagnosis of neonatal hypoglycemia. Indian Pediatr. 2012;49(8):621-25. [ Links ]

16. Harding JE, Hegarty JE, Crowther CA, Edlin R, Gamble G, Alsweiler JM. Randomised trial of neonatal hypoglycaemia prevention with oral dextrose gel (hPOD): study protocol. BMC Pediatr. 2015;15(1):120. [ Links ]

17. Senniappan S, Alexandrescu S, Tatevian N, Shah P, Arya V, Flanagan S, Ellard S, Rampling D, Ashworth M, Brown RE, Hussain K. Sirolimus therapy in infants with severe hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(12):1131-7. [ Links ]

18. Jonas D, Dietz W, Simma B. Hypoglycemia in newborn infants at risk. Klin Padiatr. 2014;226(5):287-91. [ Links ]

19. Rozance PJ, Hay WW Jr. Neonatal hypoglycemia--answers, but more questions. J Pediatr. 2012;161(5):775-6. [ Links ]

20. Thornton PS, Stanley CA, De León DD, Harris D, Haymond MW, Hussain K, Levitsky LL, Murad MH, Rozance PJ, Simmons RA, Sperling MA, Weinstein DA, White NH, Wolfsdorf JI; Pediatric Endocrine Society. Recommendations from the Pediatric Endocrine Society for Evaluation and Management of Persistent Hypoglycemia in Neonates, Infants, and Children. J Pediatr. 2015;167(2):238-45. [ Links ]

21. Wayenberg JL, Pardou A. Moderate hypoglycemia in the preterm infant: is it relevant? Arch Pediatr. 2008;15(2):153-56. [ Links ]

22. Freitas P, Matos CV, Kimura AF. Perfil de las madres de neonatos con control glucémico en las primeras horas de vida. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2010;44(3):636-41. [ Links ]

23. Harris DL, Weston PJ, Harding JE. Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in babies identified as at risk. J Pediatr. 2012;161(5):787-91. [ Links ]

24. Stanley CA, Rozance PJ, Thornton PS, De León DD, Harris D, Haymond MW, Hussain K, Levitsky LL, Murad MH, Simmons RA, Sperling MA, Weinstein DA, White NH, Wolfsdorf JI. Re-evaluating "transitional neonatal hypoglycemia": mechanism and implications for management. J Pediatr. 2015;166(6):1520-5.e1. [ Links ]

25. Simmons R, Stanley C. Neonatal Hypoglycemia Studies--Is There a Sweet Story of Success Yet? N Engl J Med. 2015;373(16):1567-69. [ Links ]

26. McKinlay CJ, Alsweiler JM, Ansell JM, Anstice NS, Chase JG, Gamble GD, Harris DL, Jacobs RJ, Jiang Y, Paudel N, Signal M, Thompson B, Wouldes TA, Yu TY, Harding JE; CHYLD Study Group. Neonatal glycemia and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 Years. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(16):1507-18. [ Links ]

27. Yamamoto JM, Kallas-Koeman MM, Butalia S, Lodha AK, Donovan LE. Large-for-gestational-age neonate predicts a 2.5-fold increased odds of neonatal hypoglycemia in women with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2017Jan;33(1). doi: 10.1002/dmrr.2824. Epub 2016 Jun 21. [ Links ]

28. Rozance PJ, Hay WW Jr. New approaches to management of neonatal hypoglycemia. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol. 2016;2:3. [ Links ]

29. Weston PJ, Harris DL, Battin M, Brown J, Hegarty JE, Harding JE. Oral dextrose gel for the treatment of hypoglycaemia in newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 May 4;5:CD011027. [ Links ]

Descargas

Publicado

2017-10-17

Cómo citar

Real Aparicio, C. M., & Arias Yrazusta, P. (2017). Factores de riesgo asociados a la hipoglicemia en neonatos de riesgo. Pediatría (Asunción), 43(3), 213-219. Recuperado a partir de https://revistaspp.org/index.php/pediatria/article/view/28

Número

Sección

Artículos Originales